HIV encephalitis

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AIDS dementia complex

Facts (generated by robot; please edit if you find it inaccurate)

• Pathologically, HIV encephalitis is characterized by diffuse myelin damage (spongy myelinopathy, gliosis), neuronal loss, vascular damage, microglial nodules, and lymphocytic infiltrates.
• 25 The dementia associated with both Alzheimer's disease and HIV encephalitis is believed to result from synaptic degeneration and cell death.
• HIV encephalitis is usually a manifestation of advanced AIDS, although occasionally has been reported in individuals with early disease; this may or may not respond to antiretroviral agents.
• However, investigators from Johns Hopkins (Justin McArthur and Suzanne Gartner) pointed out that HIV encephalitis is a focal disease, and that different regions may have varying levels of HIV replication.
• CONCLUSION: MTR determinations suggest the possibility of distinguishing PML from HIV encephalitis and of indicating whether HIV encephalitis is involved in white matter that appears normal on conventional MR images.

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