Could Crossword Puzzles Delay Alzheimer's?

If you are old enough to be concerned about getting Alzheimer's, chances are that you give Wii for Christmas presents to your children, rather than buying a unit for yourself. But chances also are that you are familiar with crossword puzzles from crossword puzzle books and from the newspapers.

Doing a crossword puzzle is a mental workout for memory and cognition. It involves word associations, semantic memory (giving meaning to words and sentences), semantic priming (putting words into categories on the basis of sound as well as meaning), and list generation.

It gives the puzzle player a sense of knowing and not knowing, reinforcing the cues that indicate when memory is working well and when it is not. It refines the skill of latent semantic indexing, understanding different words that have similar meanings (synonymy) and words that have more than one meaning (polysemy). 

Scientists in the Department of Neurosciences at the University of California at San Diego tracked the effects of doing crossword puzzles in 488 seniors participating in the Bronx Aging Study. Every 12 to 18 months, they tested their memory skills with the Buschke Selective Reminding Test. They found that regardless of educational level, regardless of whether the puzzle was filled out "correctly," doing crossword puzzles on a regular basis delayed the onset of age-related memory loss by an average of 30 months (2.54 years).

Sudoku Also Helpful for Training the Brain

Doing Sudoku has benefits, too. In a paper entitled "Can an old dog learn (and want to experience) new tricks?" researchers at Washington University in St. Louis reported their findings from an experiment in which they enrolled older adults in a 16-week course in inductive reasoning supplemented by assignments to do crosswords and Sudoku.

Sudoku puzzles, scientists tell us, help train the brain to deal with chaos, by imposing patterns on numbers. While this observation could be exaggerated, there is little doubt that doing Sudoku helps keep the brain active, just like doing crossword puzzles.

Doing puzzles won't prevent Alzheimer's or age-related memory loss indefinitely. But if it gives you an extra two or three years of independent living, why not give it a try? You have nothing to lose but a few minutes a day plus occasional frustration with a smarty-pants puzzle writer.