http://www.drugabuse.gov/pdf/mdmaconf.pdf
check out this site of info!!!
:
EFFECTS OF ACUTE DOSES OF MDMA
MDMA works in the brain by increasing the activity levels of at least three
neurotransmitters: serotonin, dopamine, and norepinepherine. Much like other
amphetamines, MDMA causes these neurotransmitters to be released from their storage
sites in neurons, increasing brain activity. Compared to the potent stimulant
methamphetamine, MDMA triggers a larger increase in serotonin and a smaller increase
in dopamine. Serotonin is a major neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, sleep,
pain, emotion, and appetite, as well as other behaviors. By releasing large amounts of
serotonin, and also interfering with its synthesis, MDMA leads to a significant depletion
of this important neurotransmitter. As a result, it takes the human brain a significant
amount of time to rebuild the store of serotonin needed to perform important
physiological and psychological functions.
LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF MDMA: NEUROCHEMICAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL
Acute doses of MDMA produce marked changes in both dopamine and serotonin systems
within the brain. Though the changes in dopaminergic neurons appear transient, the data
suggest that the changes in the serotonergic system are longer-lasting. In addition,
examinations of more global brain function have shown that the effects of acute doses of
MDMA extend to regions of the brain that are thought to be involved in higher thought
processes. These findings have raised concern about possible long-term effects on both
infrequent and regular users of MDMA.
Several groups have shown that exposure to MDMA rapidly and persistently destroys a
key marker of serotonergic function in regions known to have a high density of serotonin
neurons, including the striatum and cortex. More detailed examination of this structural
damage shows that MDMA appears to prune, or reduce in number, serotonin axons and
axon terminals. Eighteen months after a short course of MDMA, investigators found that
some brain regions had substantial loss of serotonin axon terminals, while a few others
had more serotonin axon terminals. This pattern is a hallmark of axon pruning, since
nerve cells will often grow replacement terminals upstream of the damaged terminals.
These results, then, are evidence not only of MDMA’s neurotoxicity, but of the brain
attempting to rewire the serotonin system after damage.
Since younger brains may have an increased susceptibility to the neurotoxic effects of
MDMA, it may be that the youngest, fastest developing brains – those of a developing
fetus – could be particularly vulnerable to the effects of this apparent serotonin
neurotoxin.
LONG-TERM FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF MDMA: BEHAVIORAL, MOOD,
PSYCHIATRIC, AND COGNITIVE
Because MDMA produces long-term deficits in serotonin function, and because serotonin
function has been implicated in the etiology of many psychiatric disorders including
depression and anxiety, investigators have suspected that MDMA users may experience
more psychopathology than non-users. Indeed, a number of investigators have found that
heavy MDMA users experience a constellation of psychiatric changes, scoring
significantly higher on measures of obsessive traits, anxiety, paranoid thoughts, and
disturbed sleep, among others. One study, aimed at developing reliable measures of
diagnosing substance abuse disorders, found that 43 percent of MDMA users met DSMIV
criteria for dependence and 34 percent met the criteria for abuse of MDMA.
There is a large and growing body of evidence from a variety of studies with humans that
MDMA use can have long-lasting effects on memory. None of these studies are perfect,
as they all have methodological concerns such as concurrent use of other drugs (it is
apparently impossible to find but a few MDMA users who do not use other illicit
substances, particularly marijuana). In addition, results vary with the assessment used.
Nonetheless, the general finding that emerges across all of the studies is that MDMA
does impact memory abilities in ways that could adversely affect normal functioning on
every day tasks. Moreover, the relationship between memory problems and MDMA use
appears to have a dose-dependent relationship, that is, the more MDMA used, the greater
the deficit.
Given that numerous studies have shown that the serotonin deficits caused by MDMA are
persistent, lasting at least seven years in one study of nonhuman primates, it is important
to determine if the psychological and memory deficits associated with even moderate use
of MDMA recover after some period of time. This is a particularly important issue with
MDMA because of the relatively young age of the majority of people who abuse this
drug. So far, the majority of studies have focused on MDMA users who have been
abstinent for a period of a few weeks to a few months – longer-term studies have been
planned or are underway – and these have shown that the adverse psychiatric and
cognitive changes associated with MDMA use are persistent.
In attempting to answer the question of whether MDMA causes permanent damage to
human memory abilities, there is no one study that provides a resounding, definitive yes.
To be sure, no study provides any evidence that MDMA is a beneficial drug or even that
it is safe when taken in moderation. In fact taking MDMA at any dose carries with it the
risk of inducing physiological, psychological, and cognitive damage in vulnerable users.
Clearly, there is still room to debate the exact nature of the deficits produced by MDMA
use. Nevertheless, based on the results from the overwhelming majority of studies
conducted so far, the data show that MDMA can be harmful to human health.
check out this site of info!!!
:
EFFECTS OF ACUTE DOSES OF MDMA
MDMA works in the brain by increasing the activity levels of at least three
neurotransmitters: serotonin, dopamine, and norepinepherine. Much like other
amphetamines, MDMA causes these neurotransmitters to be released from their storage
sites in neurons, increasing brain activity. Compared to the potent stimulant
methamphetamine, MDMA triggers a larger increase in serotonin and a smaller increase
in dopamine. Serotonin is a major neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, sleep,
pain, emotion, and appetite, as well as other behaviors. By releasing large amounts of
serotonin, and also interfering with its synthesis, MDMA leads to a significant depletion
of this important neurotransmitter. As a result, it takes the human brain a significant
amount of time to rebuild the store of serotonin needed to perform important
physiological and psychological functions.
LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF MDMA: NEUROCHEMICAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL
Acute doses of MDMA produce marked changes in both dopamine and serotonin systems
within the brain. Though the changes in dopaminergic neurons appear transient, the data
suggest that the changes in the serotonergic system are longer-lasting. In addition,
examinations of more global brain function have shown that the effects of acute doses of
MDMA extend to regions of the brain that are thought to be involved in higher thought
processes. These findings have raised concern about possible long-term effects on both
infrequent and regular users of MDMA.
Several groups have shown that exposure to MDMA rapidly and persistently destroys a
key marker of serotonergic function in regions known to have a high density of serotonin
neurons, including the striatum and cortex. More detailed examination of this structural
damage shows that MDMA appears to prune, or reduce in number, serotonin axons and
axon terminals. Eighteen months after a short course of MDMA, investigators found that
some brain regions had substantial loss of serotonin axon terminals, while a few others
had more serotonin axon terminals. This pattern is a hallmark of axon pruning, since
nerve cells will often grow replacement terminals upstream of the damaged terminals.
These results, then, are evidence not only of MDMA’s neurotoxicity, but of the brain
attempting to rewire the serotonin system after damage.
Since younger brains may have an increased susceptibility to the neurotoxic effects of
MDMA, it may be that the youngest, fastest developing brains – those of a developing
fetus – could be particularly vulnerable to the effects of this apparent serotonin
neurotoxin.
LONG-TERM FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF MDMA: BEHAVIORAL, MOOD,
PSYCHIATRIC, AND COGNITIVE
Because MDMA produces long-term deficits in serotonin function, and because serotonin
function has been implicated in the etiology of many psychiatric disorders including
depression and anxiety, investigators have suspected that MDMA users may experience
more psychopathology than non-users. Indeed, a number of investigators have found that
heavy MDMA users experience a constellation of psychiatric changes, scoring
significantly higher on measures of obsessive traits, anxiety, paranoid thoughts, and
disturbed sleep, among others. One study, aimed at developing reliable measures of
diagnosing substance abuse disorders, found that 43 percent of MDMA users met DSMIV
criteria for dependence and 34 percent met the criteria for abuse of MDMA.
There is a large and growing body of evidence from a variety of studies with humans that
MDMA use can have long-lasting effects on memory. None of these studies are perfect,
as they all have methodological concerns such as concurrent use of other drugs (it is
apparently impossible to find but a few MDMA users who do not use other illicit
substances, particularly marijuana). In addition, results vary with the assessment used.
Nonetheless, the general finding that emerges across all of the studies is that MDMA
does impact memory abilities in ways that could adversely affect normal functioning on
every day tasks. Moreover, the relationship between memory problems and MDMA use
appears to have a dose-dependent relationship, that is, the more MDMA used, the greater
the deficit.
Given that numerous studies have shown that the serotonin deficits caused by MDMA are
persistent, lasting at least seven years in one study of nonhuman primates, it is important
to determine if the psychological and memory deficits associated with even moderate use
of MDMA recover after some period of time. This is a particularly important issue with
MDMA because of the relatively young age of the majority of people who abuse this
drug. So far, the majority of studies have focused on MDMA users who have been
abstinent for a period of a few weeks to a few months – longer-term studies have been
planned or are underway – and these have shown that the adverse psychiatric and
cognitive changes associated with MDMA use are persistent.
In attempting to answer the question of whether MDMA causes permanent damage to
human memory abilities, there is no one study that provides a resounding, definitive yes.
To be sure, no study provides any evidence that MDMA is a beneficial drug or even that
it is safe when taken in moderation. In fact taking MDMA at any dose carries with it the
risk of inducing physiological, psychological, and cognitive damage in vulnerable users.
Clearly, there is still room to debate the exact nature of the deficits produced by MDMA
use. Nevertheless, based on the results from the overwhelming majority of studies
conducted so far, the data show that MDMA can be harmful to human health.
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Trust me, I loved that stuff at your age im now 32, Now i suffer from panic Attacks and have to take blood pressure tablets, i drink water and eat fruit. Stop taking it whilst your ahead.
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Whats so bad about drinking water and eating fruit??? I think fruit is absolutly wonderful. I have just completed day one of opiate withdrawal but before i used to do rolls everyday just for the boost. There are many common misconceptions about the drug and once people are educated about them, then the drug will become much more accepted i hope :-) Thats my 2 cents anyways.
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I’ve been a long time user and fan of MDMA, but I don’t like the negative side effects and health problems that are associated with it; so I was in route for a legal healthier alternative. I tried a lot of legal products on the market, but it was all hype. The closest thing on the market is a product called, Trip2Night[/url]that can give you similar euphoric effects and lasts around 5 to 6 hours.
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e is fun but just like everyother drug its dangerous just keep it in moderation i tell my friends who start doing it to never take more than three if the amount gets out of hand it can be dangerous I know by experience. have fun but stay safe
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I tried it for my first time.... Felt so friggin great, but my lower back has been killin me since, so im sticking to weed.
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Update (fro last post of 5-13-2010) my back doesent hurt anymore after i took some more, the problem was that i wasent drinking enough water!
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I'm 16 and have rolled 12 times. I enjoyed every single time. Except for one when it was to much for my body and i threw up at a rave. I'll tell you this much, I wish I would've waited a bit longer to start rolling, cause in the long run, I know I'll be f'd over. If you wanna do stuff, just wait. That all I have to advise, Just Wait.
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Ive taken XTC like 9 times now and iam only 15 years old, the first time i took it my old drug dealer thought it would be funny to give a new starter 6 and a half tripple stacked pills, and not going to lie to anyone, XTC is amazing i love it so much and will do anyhting for it, but i need to stop, it has messed me up already i have a horrible memory i cant remember stuff that easy anymore, and i crave it all the time, i use to get a regret sortta feeling when i first took it and i still do get it, like right now i have it its so horrible i need to stop but i cant!!!
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Rolling is awesome, end of story, simple as that ! It made me become a better person, i am no longer fake.
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hi, bro, i have been using e for a year ,twice a week, i have developed a sevre addication, then i stop, now i am so much depressed, can not control my emotions, hurting people around me, and myself, if possible , i like to talk to you
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Just be smart with it. That's the key don't take alot don't do it to excessively frequent and don't make a habit out of it . And don't listen to any of these people because I used ecstasy for 5 years alot in those 5 yrs and I mean ALOT too much and my health is fine im an Allstate football player I scores a 29 on the A.C.T. So just be smart with it!!! But don't take it likely cuz if your not smart with it like I was it will and I repeat IT WILL SCREW YOUR LIFE UP! HAPPY ROLLING:)
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Glad to say im 100% clean now tho:) eventually that life will get boring! I promise you better to stop now!
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spencer wrote:
me the same, i quit already , twice a week before, now clean for one year, i rebuild myself ,after suffering a lot
pinkcherry wrote:
this drug may seem to cure all of your problems, but give it a few years and you will pay the price. sure it seems wonderful but anyone i know who has taken this pill once in awhile or consistantly has developed serious psychological issues years after using it. i myself have developed panic attacks and anxiety, along with many others i know, and the most severe of conditions friends suffer from is schizophernia. the drug is not worth it, besides you feel like c**p the days following, and youre not always guaranteed a steady high. there is alot of bad pills out there, no matter how trustworthy the person you get it from seems, you never know. i enjoyed the drug when i was younger but i wish i never took it, it has made my life very different.
if you are very shy, you may have social anxiety disorder i would recommend talking to a doctor about severe shyness instead of self medicating. i promise you it is not a good choice. you will experience side effects of using later in life. oh i also have back problems from it.
hi, bro, i have been using e for a year ,twice a week, i have developed a sevre addication, then i stop, now i am so much depressed, can not control my emotions, hurting people around me, and myself, if possible , i like to talk to you
me the same, i quit already , twice a week before, now clean for one year, i rebuild myself ,after suffering a lot
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