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Whether it is beer or wine, a Cosmo or a tequila shot, alcohol certainly induces not only behavioral but also physical changes in us. The intensity of these changes depends on the quantity of alcohol you take, and the quantity of alcohol that you consume.

The limbic system has also something to do with the behavioral changes seen under alcohol effects. This system is in charge of controlling feelings and emotions and when altered, it can enhance certain feelings and suppress others.

From happiness to feeling miserable

When alcohol in the form of aldehyde reaches the limbic area, it promotes feelings of satisfaction, at first, including happiness, excitement and arousal; however, as time goes by, this feelings are replaced by less cheerful emotions and can even lead to a depressive state.  

When drunk, you can easily go from laughing and having a great time, to bursting into tears or even showing an extremely aggressive behavior.

Memory is also controlled by the limbic system and when an excessive amount of alcohol is consumed, memory mechanisms are severely affected. Most of the times, you cannot recall what happened the night you got drunk, so you have to live with the guilt and trust that your friends are telling you the truth about that blurry night.

More than just a few cocktails…

Chronic alcohol consumption has severe effects on the brain, for sure. It causes neuronal death and the cells that survive, shrink over time. This affects neuronal connections and therefore, a wide range of brain functions, including motor coordination, learning, memory, temperature regulation and mood control, which can lead to depression and anxiety problems.

Alcohol effects on the liver and heart

The liver is the detoxifying organ of the human body. Toxic substances reach the liver, where they suffer changes that allow the body to get rid of them through urine or excrement.

Alcohol is a toxic substance, and as such, it is decomposed in the liver. When you drink too much, these substances tend to accumulate and certain liver damage is generated.

Chronic alcoholics have more liver damage than a casual drinker. This damage can lead to the development of alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis.

In the case of the heart, heartbeats are under the control of a natural pacemaker, which ensures that they occur with the same frequency all the time.

Alcoholic beverages alter the pacemaker system of the heart and causes alterations in the heartbeat.

The heart can either start to beat very fast, causing a condition known as tachycardia, or with a desynchronized pace, refer to as arrhythmia.

The terrible hangover

The hangover effects are caused by the substances that result from the decomposition of ethanol, specially the already famous aldehyde. But it is also caused by a mild withdrawal reaction from our body towards alcohol, s well as other factors, such as the amount and type of alcohol that you drank.

The main hangover symptoms are head and muscle aches, fatigue, nausea, vomit, and dizziness, which have to do with the effects it has on the body. For example, alcohol causes dehydration because it makes us pee a lot. It is a diuretic substance, which induces the production of urine and as so, the constant lose of fluids. It also severely irritates the stomach and causes gut inflammation, promoting nausea and vomit.

Hangover symptoms can last from 8 to 24 hours and unfortunately, there is no other cure to it but to keep hydrated and wait for toxic substances to be eliminated by your body.

  • QUERTEMONT, E. 2004. Genetic polymorphism in ethanol metabolism: acetaldehyde contribution to alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Mol Psychiatry, 9, 570-81.
  • Mindmap by steadyhealth.com
  • Photo courtesy of Daniel M. Hendricks by Flickr : www.flickr.com/photos/hendricksphotos/2856523035

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