ADHD — attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder — is one of the common developmental disorders diagnosed in children. Some say this condition is over-diagnosed right now, while others believe it was under-diagnosed earlier, but that is a discussion for another time.
As the name itself suggests, this condition is characterized by a very short attention span and a child who is easily stimulated. This condition can be missed at an early age as the symptoms are dismissed as being "childishness". Data shows that boys are more likely to have ADHD than girls.
What causes ADHD?
The exact cause of ADHD remains a mystery — though it is thought that, like all neurological conditions, genetics and heredity play an important role in boosting the odds that a person will have ADHD. Some research additionally indicates that exposure to certain harmful chemicals such as lead (found in paint and pipes of old buildings), maternal drug and alcohol use during pregnancy, or the use of tobacco during pregnancy, can also increase the probability of getting ADHD.
Symptoms of ADHD
The most common symptoms of ADHD are an inability to concentrate on a task, lack of focus, impulsive behavior, fidgeting, daydreaming, and being unable to follow instructions.
ADHD and dental health
Since children suffering from ADHD have a shorter span of attention and find it difficult to follow instructions, they are more likely to suffer from poorer dental health compared to typically-developing kids. They are less likely to follow a regular brushing pattern, often skipping brushing altogether, and if they do brush, it’s possible that they might not do so with the desired efficiency.
Also, certain medications used for the management of ADHD can cause dryness of the mouth, which may lead to an increased risk of cavities, gum problems, and bad breath.
What can parents of kids with ADHD do for their children's dental health?
The child is bound to have a difficult time following instructions regarding methods of brushing. Rather than emphasizing the method of brushing, the first goal should be regular brushing. The child could be given small rewards on completing a proper brushing.
If possible, a parent should brush with the child. That way, the parent can explain the proper way to brush and also ensure that the child is actually brushing. Maintaining a brushing chart, using colorful brushes and other small things can make brushing a bit more fun for the child.
The use of electric brushes to help assist the child in brushing is a very useful tool for parents.
What can dentists do for children with ADHD?
Like parents, dentists too need to have patience while dealing with a child with ADHD. Explaining the planned procedure to the parent will help mentally prepare the child before the appointment. If needed, consult the child’s physician or therapist to see if there is a need to change the child’s medication before the appointment.
Appointments should ideally be made in the morning, so that the child is still fresh and more likely to be a little more attentive.
The treatment should be explained in simple terms, and if possible, using creative and colorful methods in order to capture the child’s attention. Also the instructions given to the child should be clear and concise. The treatment should ideally be provided in small increments so that the child is not being bombarded with new information at once.
Frequent breaks should be allowed if the procedure is going to be a relatively long one. Small rewards and verbal appreciation will also help condition the child to be more cooperative. It may be helpful to involve a pediatric dentist for difficult-to-manage cases, since these dentists are specially trained to manage such conditions.
The focus should be on preventing dental problems rather than on treatment. Regular check-ups, fluoride applications, and routine scaling carried out at regular intervals will help reduce the formation of cavities as well as prevent gum disease from developing.
Adults with ADHD can be treated in a similar manner. Such patients can be forgetful about their appointments, so a reminder of the appointment 24 hours prior or on the same day will help them maintain the schedule.