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Warming up before and cooling down the body after exercise helps make your workout routine more effective. Stretching is no more an accepted part of pre and post-workout regimes owing to the fact that it causes the muscles to tighten up and become less responsive. Muscle function also declines due to stretching.
The bottom line is that stretching can prove to be quite harmful for the muscles, which is why you can replace stretching with other dynamic routines. Compiled below is a list of some of the most effective pre and post-workout exercises that serve as effective alternatives to stretching.

Boxer Shuffle
It is one of the simplest cardio exercises designed for warming up and cooling down. Hop from one foot to another. While hopping on one foot, the other foot should be placed at the center of the distance being spanned while you are hopping sideways.
Leg Swinging
Leg swinging is a simple yet valuable pre and post workout exercise. The routine is quite simple: you simply have to hold on to a stable surface and swing your leg first side to side and the to and fro. Alternate leg swinging for at least 20 minutes on each side helps warm up and cool down quickly.
Shoulder And Arm Rolling
Shoulder and arm rolls are another effective way of warming up and cooling down. Stand up straight with your arms at your sides and rotate both of your shoulders in the backward direction 10 times. The next step is to rotate your shoulders forwards 10 times. Next, rotate your right arm 10 times backwards and then forward. Repeat the procedure for the left arm too. Then bring both the arms together forwards and backwards 10 times each. This exercise helps work all your muscles, ligaments and tendons and increase the range of motion for a better workout.
Heel Digs
Heel digging is a simple warm up and cool-down method. Place the heels alternatively in front of each other. The front foot should always point upwards. Punch out with each arm while digging in your heels. The supporting leg should be kept at a slightly bent angle.
High Knee Pulling
Knee pulling helps exercise the muscles of lower limbs to prepare them for more rigorous exercise before the actual workout. Pull each of your knees towards your torso while reaching up and down with your arms at the same time so that your knee and elbow are near your core simultaneously.
READ Warm Up Before Exercise And Relax Afterwards: Dynamic Warm-Ups Vs Static Stretching
Knee Lift
Another way of working out before and after exercise with your knees is to stand straight and bring each of the alternate knees up at a right angle and to touch it with the opposite hand. A slight bend in the supporting leg helps keep the balance.
These exercises help warm up the body cells in anticipation of more laborious exercise and to help meet the increased energy demands by gradually increasing the blood flow to the muscles. Similarly, after the workout, they help recover the muscles and to protect them from injury and cramps, thereby making the whole workout routine all the more effective.
- Photo courtesy of http://vse-gosty.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Cardio-Exercises.jpg
- Photo courtesy of nicholas_t: www.flickr.com/photos/nicholas_t/6039529153/
- Photo courtesy of gracewong: www.flickr.com/photos/gracewong/295385304/
- Photo courtesy of nicholas_t: www.flickr.com/photos/nicholas_t/6039529153/
- http://sock-doc.com/stop-stretching/
- http://www.acefitness.org/acefit/healthy-living-article/60/1478/why-do-muscles-tighten-up/
- http://golftips.golfsmith.com/shoulder-roll-exercises-1135.html
- www.fitnessblender.com/videos/easy-warm-up-cardio-workout
- www.nhs.uk/Livewell/fitness/Pages/how-to-warm-up.aspx
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