Vitamin D For Diabetes, Cancer, And Heart Disease

Vitamin D isn't just for healthy bones any more.

Although scientists have known for over 80 years that the body uses vitamin D to make the hormones needed for transporting calcium into bones, a growing body of evidence has found that vitamin D is also essential for immune regulation and for the prevention and amelioration of diabetes, cancer, and heart disease.

Vitamin D and Diabetes

The insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas are activated by an inflow of calcium which is made possible by a form of vitamin D known as D3, which makes the membranes of the beta cells more permeable to the calcium needed to trigger the release of insulin. A study of involving 55 diabetics conducted by Swiss researchers found that correcting vitamin D deficiencies also improved insulin sensitivity all over the body, lowering blood sugar levels by making insulin more efficient.

Vitamin D and Cancer

As early as the 1908, medical investigators noticed that cancer deaths were more common in people who lived in northerly climates. Even among people who spent most of their time outdoors in the sun, farmers for instance, cancer deaths were more common in the cool, cloudy northern New England states of the USA than in the sunny South.

In 2014, scientists at Harvard, Oxford, and other universities collaborated in a study of vitamin D status and health outcomes in over 1 million people worldwide.

Other studies have found that low vitamin D levels are associated with more aggressive breast cancer in women and more advanced prostate cancer in men, and that there the more sun you get, the less likely you are to develop bladder cancer, colon cancer, gastric, or colorectal cancer. Sunshine exposure also reduces the risk of cervical and endometrial cancer in women.

Vitamin D and Heart Disease

Vitamin D is essential for making the hormones that transport calcium into bones, but it is also essential for making the hormones that transport calcium out of cholesterol-laden plaques in the linings of arteries. Low vitamin D levels are associated with greater risks of atherosclerosis, dysfunctions of heart valves, and, since calcium is needed to power the muscles, poor contractile function, or "pumping power," of the heart. And because low vitamin D levels are linked to insulin resistance, they also are related to high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, accelerating the process of atherogenesis, or hardening of the arteries.

See Also: What Vitamin D Has To Offer For Cancer Patients?

It's an open question of whether these disease processes are caused by vitamin D deficiency, or they cause vitamin D deficiency. But due the fact that an increasing number of long-term clinical trials are finding that taking supplemental vitamin D prevents these diseases, it seems that deficiency causes disease rather than the other way around. And vitamin D deficiency isn't hard to remedy.

Getting The Right Kind And The Right Amount Of Vitamin D

You don't have to wait until you develop some dreadful disease to know that you have a vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D levels can be measured with a simple blood test. Testing for vitamin D is not yet sufficiently commonplace that most labs do it the same day, but typically your doctor gets a report on your vitamin D levels the second day after you have your blood drawn--so be sure to go to the lab for your blood draw ahead of your doctor's appointment.

Different Vitamin D Levels for Protection from Different Diseases

Different vitamin D levels are associated with protection from different diseases. Most labs will report any vitamin D level below 20 nanograms per milliliter (ng/ml) as "low." Some labs express their measurements in nanomoles per liter. The equivalent of 20 ng/ml is the 50 nanomoles per liter or 50 nm/L.

Low level is the degree of deficiency associated with increased risk of cancer. However, increased risk of cardiovascular disease is associated with vitamin D levels below 30 ng/ml (or 75 nmol/L). Your lab results may come back as normal but you may still need to take vitamin D to reduce your risk of heart disease.

Usually doctors order tests for 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D. A test for a different form of the vitamin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D would be more informative--but don't sweat the difference. If your levels are low, you need to supplement.

If you could get all the vitamin D your body needed from sunlight, chances are you already would. The skin doesn't make vitamin D when it is covered by sunscreen, and it can't make vitamin D on dim, dark, cloudy day. If the UV level outdoors is less than 3, your skin won't make any vitamin D.

D3, Not D2

Vitamin D exists in two different forms. Vitamin D2, which is also known as ergocalciferol, is the "storage" form of the vitamin D. Vitamin D3, which is also known as cholecalciferol, is the "active" form of the vitamin. In one recent study, taking vitamin D3 reduced the risk of cancer, heart disease, and diabetes, while taking vitamin D2 did not.

See Also: Vitamin D And Bone Health

Vitamin D2 is primarily found in plant-based sources like UV-exposed mushrooms, fortified foods, and supplements. It is less potent and effective at raising blood levels of vitamin D compared to D3. Vitamin D3, on the other hand, is produced in the skin upon exposure to UVB sunlight, present in animal-based foods, and available in supplements. It is considered more bioavailable and efficient in raising vitamin D levels.

Both forms are converted into the active form, calcitriol, but D3 tends to be more readily converted. While both are available in supplement form, D3 is more commonly used due to its effectiveness. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) typically combines D2 and D3, with variations based on age, sex, and life stage. Vitamin D2 may be prescribed for specific medical conditions, while D3 is widely available over-the-counter. 

About 4,000 IU of vitamin D a day is enough to keep from going backwards. You may need to take 200,000 to 300,000 units above your body's immediate needs to replenish your stores of vitamin D. Your body can't absorb that much vitamin D all at once unless it is injected, so take 5,000 IU of vitamin D a day for three to six months and then just 4,000 IU per day thereafter. It's possible to overdose on vitamin D, that requires millions of units taken over a period of several weeks. Limit yourself to 5,000 IU per day for best results.